The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.